Governments may more easily exert pressure on state-owned firms to help implementing government policy.

Mining by the state-owned firm replaced small private mines in the area in 2006.

Issuing institutions could be e.g. town savings banks, municipalities, private and state-owned firms.

Furthermore, state-owned firms may show fiscal losses because they fulfill a wider social role, such as providing low-cost utilities and jobs.

The second advantage is that most of the state-owned firms are being privatized under the general policies of article 44 in the Iranian constitution.

Initially the social costs of the reforms were seen as extremely high, and roughly 1.1 million workers at state-owned firms lost their jobs.

Grain producers and computer makers can distribute their goods themselves, without going through state-owned firms.

A total of 83 state-owned firms are on 2012 year's list It features as many as 55 new entities.

The Iranian Government announced in 2010 that it aims to raise some $12.5 billion by privatizing more than 500 state-owned firms.

The privatisation of state-owned firms is virtually complete, with only the port and the main power plants remaining in government hands.