The limited number of schools, employment opportunities, overcrowding and a low quality of education discourages families from sending their girls to school.

Parents also seem to feel that they owe more opportunities to the children they do have, a conviction that discourages large families.

"It must discourage other families," she said.

The intent of shuttling them, the suit claims, is to discourage families from seeking city help.

In Tajikistan it was withdrawn in 1996 to discourage large families.

This organization usually discourages couples and families because it wants each participant to interact with the others, he said.

Nor has the death discouraged families from enrolling children in Mr. Long's $695 fall program.

If Congress tries to control costs by phasing it out quickly, it would discourage families from working longer or for higher wages.

The high prices haven't discouraged families who prefer city living over suburban car pools and long commutes.

"We actually discouraged families who have children looking for a permanent home," she said.