In principle, these same materials can be doped by reduction, which adds electrons to an otherwise unfilled band.

In doped material, additional atoms change the balance, either adding free electrons or creating holes where electrons can go.

One side of the crystal had impurities that added extra electrons (the carriers of electrical current) and made it a "conductor".

An electron gun can also be used to ionize particles by adding or removing electrons from an atom.

The principle postulates a hypothetical process in which an atom is "built up" by progressively adding electrons.

Ionization refers to adding or removing electrons from atoms.

Electron doping can be adding electrons to a material to give it a negative charge.

The transistors applied an electric field to add or remove electrons, allowing scientists to study the materials' electronic properties in an unusually systematic way.

But the Rix have found a way to add and subtract electrons on the fly, to change the wells' elemental characteristics at will.

This rule also adds extra electrons for open-cage molecules such as nido and arachno compounds.