The Income Approach is one of three major groups of methodologies, called valuation approaches, used by appraisers.

- Apply a valuation approach- market growth, barriers to entry, market access, switching, etc. are used.

The following three valuation approaches, which have gained clear judicial recognition, are normally employed to value properties for rating purposes.

His model represents a down-to-earth valuation approach that focuses on the key market-related and company-specific variables.

"You have to make sure the valuation approach is meaningful," she said.

In practice, there are few securities with precise characteristics, and the application of this valuation approach is subject to various qualifications and modifications.

He said an advocate of such a strategy could be considered "a first-generation value investor, who uses the same valuation approach for each kind of company."

Additional adjustments to a valuation approach, whether it is market-, income- or asset-based, may be necessary in some instances.

The valuation approach adopted for example, capitalisation of profits, super profits or trade specific methodology, together with the computation.

By adding an overlay of momentum to their valuation approach, the managers seek to avoid two problems of value investing.