Ablation (surface melting) tends to result in surface pooling.

This water is, however, generally from basal processes, not surface melting.

They offered a conclusion that the "coupling between surface melting and ice-sheet flow provides a mechanism for rapid, large-scale, dynamic responses of ice sheets to climate warming".

In single-component powders, the laser melts only the outer surface of the particles (surface melting), fusing the solid non-melted cores to each other and to the previous layer.

The surface freezing effect is opposite to a far more common surface melting, or premelting.

This was explained by the fact that the fissures were then free from any moisture arising from surface melting, so that the passage through them was unimpeded.

However, most of Antarctica never experiences surface melting.

Complete surface melting will occur when is monotonically decreasing.

The surface melting can account for the following:

They say there is no obvious explanation other than abrupt movements of the overlying ice caused by surface melting.