That study, published last year, followed 8,000 people for 14 years and calculated the risk of death attributable to small-particle pollution.

The same study calculated the cost of such an accident at roughly three hundred billion dollars.

The study also calculated changes in the luxury market - defined as the top 10 percent of all co-op and condominium prices.

On average, the study calculated weekly earnings of $262 for those who had jobs.

The study also calculated that if doctors and patients followed the recalls' recommendations, more than 36,000 devices were replaced.

One recent study of on-line services calculated that as many as 45 percent of subscribers leave a service in a given year to try another.

The study defined and calculated a measure of policy prevalence.

The most detailed demographic study calculated 791,000-1,141,000 war-related deaths for all of Vietnam.

One study calculated a rate of 0.6% of boys are affected by their 15th birthdays.

One Swedish study that followed young people who began using cells as teenagers for 10 years calculated a 400 percent increase in brain tumors.