New York was among the first states to require electronic fingerprinting of welfare recipients as a way to prevent fraud.

Would require fingerprinting of employees of the financial exchanges.

If it becomes law, it would overturn the current law, which requires fingerprinting of all foster and adoptive parents.

Would have required fingerprinting of voters.

Tephrochronology requires accurate geochemical fingerprinting (usually via an electron microprobe).

The bill will make New York the first state in the country to require "ballistic fingerprinting" of all new guns sold.

Others, like a demonstration project to require fingerprinting of welfare recipients, have more symbolic than fiscal value.

In the latest enforcement trend, 11 states, including New York, Connecticut and New Jersey, either require electronic fingerprinting of food-stamp recipients or are planning it.

No state requires ballistic fingerprinting, Mr. Sudbay said.

The new rules require cars to carry proper insurance and pass inspections three times a year, and they require fingerprinting of car service managers and drivers.