Although analysts have been pressing banks to release such information, they are not required by the regulators to do so.

But the court found the two former officials guilty of separate charges that they had pressed banks to extend preferential loans to cash-short companies.

They said Mr. Mulford had pressed banks to participate.

For years, local governments have pressed banks not to exit the projects, so lenders continued to funnel money into unprofitable businesses.

The expansion of mortgage lending has happened as the federal government has pressed banks to make more loans available in poorer communities.

The Government has been pressing domestic banks and investors to buy the bonds as a sign of confidence in Russia's prospects.

They are pressing private banks to go along by forgiving some of the debt in return for assurances that interest will be paid promptly on what is left.

But senior administration officials say they remain adamantly opposed to pressing private banks to follow up with more generous lending to private borrowers.

At the same time, some private equity buyers have been pressing banks to lower their fees, increasing the allure for banks to become investors.

Lately, government and community groups have been pressing large banks to lend to businesses in low-income areas.