The simplest form of intravenous access is by passing a hollow needle through the skin directly into the vein.

The vein may be used for intravenous access, and is sometimes referred to as the 'House-man's Friend' because a large bore cannula may be easily placed.

This technique is used in emergency situations to provide fluids and medication when intravenous access is not available or not feasible.

This route is occasionally used for drugs and fluids in emergency medicine and pediatrics when intravenous access is difficult.

This umbilical vein may be catheterised for ready intravenous access.

If lorazepam is not available, or intravenous access is not possible, then diazepam should be given.

If immediate intravenous access cannot be achieved, adrenaline, lignocaine, and atropine can all be administered endotracheally.

Astute assessment skills are required to intervene successfully and relieve discomfort.33 Maintenance of a patient's intravenous access is a clear nursing responsibility.

Hickman lines may remain in place for extended periods and are used when long-term intravenous access is needed.

Interventions that may be needed depending on severity of the injury include airway, intravenous access, and control of hemorrhage.