This is a test of upper motor neuron disease.

It usually results from damage to upper motor neurons of the facial nerve.

Upper motor neurons send messages from the brain to the spinal cord.

That condition and others like it are associated with an upper motor neuron lesion.

Such signs are collectively termed the "upper motor neuron syndrome."

This reflex is observed in patients with upper motor neuron lesions.

The same mechanism applies for an upper motor neuron lesion in the right hemisphere.

This supports the general conclusion that movements and not individual muscles are controlled by the activity of upper motor neurons.

Spasms and exaggerated reflexes indicate damage to the upper motor neurons.

These efferent neurons influence activity of the upper motor neurons.

It is one of the characteristic responses of an upper motor neuron lesion.

This sets off the indirect pathway that ultimately results in inhibition of upper motor neurons, and less movement.

Hyper-reflexia (a response far larger than considered normal): Indicates a potential upper motor neuron lesion.

However in individuals with upper motor neuron lesions the jaw jerk reflex can be quite pronounced.

The pyramidal cells of the precentral gyrus are also called upper motor neurons.

The muscles that would receive signals from these damaged upper motor neurons result in spastic paralysis.

This condition is often the result of damage of the upper motor neurons of the facial nerve.

It was found that the force generated by contracting muscles changed as a function of the firing rate of upper motor neurons.

An abnormal reflex commonly called Babinski's sign also indicates upper motor neuron damage.

These findings are in contrast to findings in upper motor neuron lesions.

These transmit axons of upper motor neurons.

It receives upper motor neuron innervation directly via the corticobulbar tract.

Following upper motor neuron lesions, affected muscles potentially have many features of altered performance including:

There is also usually some degeneration of the cerebral neurons, as well as problems in the upper motor neuron system.

Drugs can be used to treat issues related to the Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome.