The surface roughness can also be calculated over an area.

The presence of waves and surface roughness will change the signature over open water.

Surface roughness also leads to significant variation of wind speeds.

One can imagine that the surface roughness is a composite of many very small scratches.

So high surface roughness decreases the stability on heavy stressed parts.

At the moment many optical measurement instruments are able to measure the surface roughness over an area.

That finding most likely relates to the similarities in surface roughness values among the three groups (Table 1).

A profilograph is a device used to measure pavement surface roughness.

The wire saw process develops surface roughness on the cut surface.

After the initial period of "surface roughness control", the fouling rate usually becomes strongly positive.

These can aid bonding between different materials and modify surface roughness of the metal.

Diffuse reflection from solids is generally not due to surface roughness.

However, these equations only apply when the drop size is sufficiently large compared with the surface roughness scale.

Surface roughness parameters are normally categorised into three groups according to its functionality.

Surface roughness and surface flatness are two quite different concepts.

In system engineering and in industry, particular demands are placed upon surface roughness or heat transfer.

Measurements included surface roughness and later mapping of shadowed regions near the poles.

Hall has also made groundbreaking contributions to surface roughness measurement using fractals.

The film smoothes the surface roughness and the Wenzel model no longer applies.

The rupturing of those bubbles is the cause of the surface roughness."

To decrease the thermal contact resistance, the surface roughness can be decreased while the interface pressure is increased.

As the surface roughness decreases smaller abrasive particles are necessary to continue material removal.

Surface roughness can also affect the adhesive strength.

It has three components: lay, surface roughness, and waviness.

Increasing surface roughness increases the number of dangling bonds at the metal-oxide interface.