They nominally recognized the suzerainty of caliphs of Baghdad, who in reality had no temporal power within the state.

In 1483, he demanded that the city of Erfurt recognize the suzerainty of Mainz over the city.

During the civil war following Smbat's death the Kaysites ceased to recognize the suzerainty of the Bagratids.

By this treaty Portugal also recognized the suzerainty of the pope.

It was forced to recognize the suzerainty of the Electorate of Saxony in 1738.

Portugal also recognizes the suzerainty of the pope.

Almanzor actually had all power in his hands but nominally recognized the suzerainty of the caliph.

He recognized the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate, but he ruled as a de facto independent prince.

John IV originally recognised the suzerainty of the Byzantine Emperor.

John was easily induced to content himself with the title of despotes and to recognize the suzerainty of Nicaea.