Although the groups maintained racially separate labor unions, they coordinated efforts to present a united front when making demands of their employers.

South Africa runs four racially separate school systems - for children who are white, black, of mixed race and of Indian descent.

The building, vacant for several years, once housed racially separate restrooms, drinking fountains and entrances.

It prohibited the registration of any new 'mixed' unions and imposed racially separate branches and all-white executive committees on existing 'mixed' unions.

The ruling basically granted states legislative immunity when dealing with questions of race, guaranteeing the state's right to implement racially separate institutions requiring them only to be "equal".

Six years after the Brown Decision, students of Saint Petersburg were still attending racially separate schools.

The first is black separatism, in vogue in universities (racially separate degree-ceremonies and fraternities are popular with the people most angry at apartheid) and with extreme black activists.

The first comprehensive study of public higher education in the 19 states that once operated racially separate colleges presents a picture of continuing segregation fueled by political fatigue, court rulings, and admissions and financial-aid policies.

They agreed to take a leap of legal logic and argue that any racially separate school violated the Constitution's promise of equal protection for all citizens, regardless of race.

Federal courts struck down racially separate lunch counters, bus stations and libraries.