The form of a given perfect or passive participle is strongly influenced by the status of the verb at hand.

Present perfect participle: ayant appelé "having called", étant mort "being dead"

Passive perfect participle: étant vendu "being sold, having been sold"

The perfect participle of the words can be deduced regularly from its preterite form:

Optative is in its form identical to the perfect participle.

In contrast to English and many other languages, Swedish does not use the perfect participle to form the present perfect and past perfect.

The perfect participle varies, and depends on the model of conjugation.

The perfect participle is a past active participle, but is very rarely used in classical Sanskrit.

Used with modal auxiliaries, Dutch perfect participles are placed at the end of a phrase.

The most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle.