Now on the other side of parental investment is desertion.

Competitiveness despite parental investment has also been observed in some species.

In other words, the total reproductive success that my parental investment has produced is now greater than it was before I started.

Sexual selection is an important part of parental investment.

Parental investment theory is a branch of life history theory.

Differences in parental investment contribute to important differences between men and women.

One must take into account parental investment and anachronism as well in order to make a clear verdict.

This big parental investment also explains why women seek males who are willing to stick around and provide for children.

This differential in parental investment indicates that there will be a strong female preference.

Evolutionary psychologists classify our species as having "high male parental investment."

Each parent has a limited amount of parental investment over the course of their lifetime.

Sexual Dimorphism may also influence differences in parental investment during times of food scarcity.

This higher parental investment is the result of extended childhood of human offspring.

However, this requires parental investment in the form of parents 'leading the way'- teaching and protecting children.

Yet the age-old assumption that male parental investment lies at the heart of human evolution is now open to serious question.

The reasons seems to be differential parental investment.

The differences in levels of parental investment create the condition that favors mating biases.

American green tree frogs show no parental investment except for mating and egg-laying.

The parental investment may shed some light on the evolution of coloration in relation to female choice.

The minimal obligatory parental investment for a human male is the effort required to copulate.

Nonetheless, the energetic and performance consequences of male parental investment have not been investigated directly in mammals.

The theory supposes that men are more open to dropping their standards for short term partners as there is no parental investment.

Little is known about parental investment in long-eared jerboas.

Cotton-top tamarins display high levels of parental investment during infant care.