These were assested to be totally representative of the pallidal organisation.

Pallidal nuclei are made up of the same neuronal components.

I. Non exclusive relation of pallidal discharge in five movement modes.

The pallidal dendritic arborisations are very large flat and discoidal.

In the 1970s, the first single unit recordings were done with monkeys monitoring pallidal neuron activity related to movement.

Pallidal and nigral terminal arborisations do not mix.

The pallidal deposits stain positively for iron.

The trajectory of pallidal afferent axons is complex.

The subthalamic nucleus is thus, in 84,2% of the cases, the target of lateral pallidal neurons.

It sends axons to the pallidal territory of the lateral region VO.

Pallidal neurons operate using a disinhibition principle.

The difference between pallidal and nigral neurons is only in the three-dimensional extension of their dendritic arborizations.

Physiological analyses have shown a central inhibition/peripheral excitation pattern, able of focusing the pallidal response in normal conditions.

From there, there is also a complete separation of medial pallidal elements from nigral.

VO receives its pallidal afferent axons from the medial pallidum.

In the pallidum, subthalamic terminals end in bands parallel to the pallidal border.

Since the pallidal discoidal discs are thin, they are crossed only for a short distance by striatal axons.

A recent modeling study starting from entirely 3-d reconstructed pallidal neurons showed that their morphology alone is able to create a center-surround pattern of activity.

There is indeed no more VM in the upper primates where the pallidal and nigral territories are everywhere separated.

In primates, almost all pallidal neurons are very large, parvalbumin-positive, with very large dendritic arborizations.

From in macaques, the lateral pallidal neurons sends axons in the direction of the striatum only in 15.8%.

The two pallidal nuclei receives dopaminergic axons from the pars compacta of the substantia nigra.

As in other vertebrates, the primate basal ganglia can be divided into striatal, pallidal, nigral, and subthalamic components.

The leptodendritic neurons (or Deiter's) stain for parvalbumin and have all the morphological properties of pallidal neurons.

The dendrites of the pallidal or nigral axons are entirely covered by synapses, without any apposition of glia.