In addition, according to notes of F.B.I. interviews with Mr. Whitacre, he had also begun obtaining kickbacks from vendors, once involving an envelope stuffed with $100 bills.

To obtain illicit kickbacks, the charges said, Mr. Fastow instructed a colleague to write $10,000 checks to his wife and children, an amount deliberately chosen to avoid incurring federal gift taxes.

One type of short sale fraud has involved creditors in second position obtaining kickbacks in the form of cash payments from a buyer or real estate agent which was not disclosed to the other creditors.

Before he put the local into trusteeship, Judge Ackerman found its leaders had intimidated members through murder, threats and economic reprisals while obtaining payoffs and kickbacks in return for promises of labor peace.

City Councilman George Branch was indicted last May on charges that he had improperly obtained kickbacks from an executive in return for help in buying city properties for rehabilitation.

Levine, a close friend and political ally of Vrdolyak's, was indicted in 2005 for using his positions on the Illinois Teachers Retirement System board and the Illinois Health Facilities board to obtain kickbacks.

A City Councilman has been indicted by a Federal grand jury on charges that he obtained kickbacks from a businessman in return for helping him purchase city-owned properties for rehabilitation, the authorities said today.

Mr. Lemons was accused of concocting a scheme to obtain kickbacks from a $46 million loan he approved in April 1986.

They also contend that the Helmsleys, through their role as general partner, solicited and obtained kickbacks and bribes from contractors, vendors and employees, and conducted the Palace's business through racketeering and self-dealing that hurt the partnership.

By contrast, there are numerous interests that wish to establish landfill sites in certain regions and set up incineration units etc. from which they can obtain kickbacks, rake-offs and profits.