Israel previously allowed limited co-guardianship rights for non-biological parents.

Shared parenting has also been referred to as "collaborative parenting", "balanced parenting" or "equal shared parenting", and can also apply after the separation of adoptive or other non-biological parents.

Herd managers will typically move some individuals from a large litter to a smaller litter where they will be raised by a non-biological parent.

Adoption, the legal act of permanently placing a child with non-biological (adoptive) parents other than the biological (natural) parents.

In 2006, the legislature passed legislation aimed at banning joint-custody for a non-biological parent of a child.

Bree's search for her real family was kept hidden from her non-biological parents because of what they might have thought, but when Janelle found out about the search, she was supportive.

Second, this doctrine can provide a non-biological parent to be given the legal rights and responsibilities of a biological parent if they have held themselves out as the parent.

With the federal legislation, the non-biological parent can now be made to pay child maintenance.