The French military took a central role in the military modernization of Japan.

And with Soviet defense spending declining, the pace of its military modernization is sure to slow.

Two initial steps were taken to promote military modernization.

Reza Shah set on an ambitious program of economic, cultural, and military modernization.

Specialists on China believe that all factions of the army are concerned about the prospects now for military modernization.

China's rapid economic growth and steady military modernization are transforming power relations across Asia.

The heavy cost of military modernization generated major fiscal and administrative innovations.

There are few other politically palatable options for financing military modernization.

The limitations on Poland's military modernization in this period may have been less doctrinal than financial.

These studies indicated that Chinese leaders have indeed subordinated military modernization to economic development.