The mandibular and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) innervate the structures derived from the corresponding processes of the first arch.

It passes through the ring of the stapes and divides into supraorbital, infraorbital, and mandibular branches which follow the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve.

The marginal mandibular branch innervates the following muscles:

Sensory innervation of the temporomandibular joint is derived from the auriculotemporal and masseteric branches of V (otherwise known as the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve).

The muscle is innervated by the mandibular branch of the facial nerve and receives its blood supply from the facial artery.

Any lesion affecting the individual branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical) is known as a lower motor neuron lesion.

The mental nerve is a branch of the mandibular branch ( via the inferior alveolar nerve).

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle.

The ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches leave the skull through three separate foramina: the superior orbital fissure, the foramen rotundum and the foramen ovale.

More specifically, they are innervated by the mandibular branch, or V. This is a testament to their shared embryological origin from the first branchial arch.