The Leopold Report became the first concrete plan to manage park visitors and ecosystems under unified principles.

How can we manage such complex ecosystems in a way that integrates ecological, social, and economic goals?

Analog forestry is a system of silviculture that seeks to design, plan and manage ecosystems dominated by woody perennials.

Helping to manage, protect, and restore water resources and ecosystems through sustainable management of natural resources.

Although the biological control industry has acknowledged EPNs since the 1980s, relatively little is understood about their biology in natural and managed ecosystems (Georgis 2002).

Such an approach to institutional learning is becoming more common as NGOs, scientist and communities collaborate to manage ecosystems.

The goal is to manage whole ecosystems for maximum biodiversity while still allowing for human use of the land - in this case, military training and weapons testing.

As the understanding of how to manage ecosystems shifted, new tenets of the management system were produced.

Both natural and managed ecosystems deliver important ecological services such as the production of food and fibre, carbon storage, climate regulation and recreation opportunities.

It is applied to management and prediction under natural and managed ecosystems.