Even before that scandal, the Academy had suffered a blow to its reputation when at least eight male midshipmen handcuffed a female classmate to a urinal.

Examples of Harassment According to the internal review group, one-third of male midshipmen and two-thirds of female midshipmen "believe sexual harassment is a problem."

All new male midshipmen receive identical crew cuts and are sent for a final medical screening.

The Academy's reputation suffered in 1989 when at least eight male midshipmen handcuffed a female midshipman to a urinal.

The case involved a female midshipman who was handcuffed to a urinal by a group of male midshipmen.

The Academy's subsequent investigation penalized five male midshipmen, but only two received reprimands on their official records.

The five women, who attended the Naval Academy from the late 1970s to early 1980s, asserted that the article led to male midshipmen constantly harassing and humiliating them.

The reputation was tarnished by a 1989 incident in which at least eight male midshipmen handcuffed a female midshipman to a urinal.

Estradiol steroids and their receptors are present in the same areas already concluded to be involved in male midshipman calling.

As related, former Midshipman Gwen Marie Dreyer was taken from her room by several male midshipmen, handcuffed to a urinal, photographed and taunted.