Ancient kingdoms of the region included Armenia, Albania, and Iberia, among others.

He also wrote a history of the Maghreb, which at that time include Islamic Iberia, called Al-Mugrib fī ḥulā al-Magrib (Book of the Maghrib).

These include KLM, British Airways and Iberia.

Carriers with daily Madrid-Lisbon connections include Iberia, Portugália and TAP.

Other ancient kingdoms of the region included Armenia, Albania, Colchis and Iberia, among others.

American Airlines, in turn, is a member of the oneworld alliance, www.oneworld.com, which also includes British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Iberia and Qantas, among others.

Airlines flying to Barcelona include Iberia, British Airways, bmibaby, easyJet, Jet2.com and Aer Lingus, with one-way fares from around £30.

Its customer base included Southwest, Volaris, United Airlines, Iberia, Aerolineas Argentinas, Tame, Lan, and others.

At its greatest extent, it appears to have included southern and eastern Iberia and roughly all of present-day Morocco.

Other airlines include Iberia (flights from Heathrow start at £108.50 return) and easyJet (www.easyjet.com), which flies to Madrid from Gatwick and Luton.