But he notes that three-quarters of the dose would be from heavy ions, whose biological effects are 'poorly understood'.

Note also that heavy ions cannot backscatter from light ones: it is kinematically prohibited.

One reason is radiation, in the form of heavy ions from distant stars, zipping through everything in their path.

Now, fed from a second accelerator, it zipped heavy ions up to nearly the speed of light.

Particle beams with heavier ions at higher energy levels can be applied even more precisely.

The process of track production is essentially the same by which swift heavy ions produce ion tracks.

By exposing the detector to relativistic heavy ions of known energy and electric charge.

This is an accelerator constructed for nuclear structure research using heavy ions, and it can produce exotic nuclei.

Ion tracks are created by swift heavy ions penetrating through solids.

There aren't any heavy ions, no protons to speak of.