He was a critic of "fiscalism", and leader of a shopkeepers and craftsmen's movement.

Fiscalism in this sense is contrasted with monetarism, which is associated with reliance on monetary policy.

Fiscalism is a term sometimes used to refer the economic theory that the government should rely on fiscal policy as the main instrument of macroeconomic policy.

The Ottomans saw military expansion and fiscalism as the main source of wealth, with agriculture seen as more important than manufacture and commerce.

A similar political system, referred to as "military fiscalism" by French historian Martin Wolfe, took hold in Europe between the 15th and 17th centuries.

It was fashionable for modern political writers to look back with a smug disapproval at the "fiscalism" of Medieval times, when economy was based on money.

There were historical novels both in the romantic and the sensational tradition, and the Medievalists thought "fiscalism" had bred such things as individualism and initiative.

As for monetarism, the controlled growth of the money supply, it "is as simplistic as fiscalism," Mr. Malabre says.

Extorting tribute under threat of military action, according to Stein, is not true "military fiscalism," although it is a means of approaching it.

The British East India Company also employed military fiscalism in maintenance of rule in India in the mid-18th century.

But Margaret Dumont could never get the Groucho out of Rufus T. Firefly, and Frank Zarb, the Republican businessman running the oversight board, could never quite eliminate Mr. Gulotta's brand of tutti-frutti fiscalism.

Of the sixty nobles of forty-three families in the county of Forez near Lyons who leagued together against royal fiscalism in 1314-15, four were widows, twenty-nine were knights (two of whom had lately been bourgeois), and twenty-seven were squires (donzeaux), of whom one was of peasant origin.