It passed coffee and bananas as the main source of foreign currency earnings.
In addition, value processes generate further employment and hard currency earnings.
Oil exports represent 40 to 60 percent of Soviet hard currency earnings.
In 1989 Iraq earned about $14.5 billion from the sale of oil, which accounts for virtually all its foreign currency earnings.
Ecuador depends on oil exports for about 40 percent of its hard currency earnings.
Oil revenues make up around 80 per cent of Iran's foreign currency earnings.
Ecuador relies on oil sales for half of its hard currency earnings.
Only 15 percent of hard currency earnings in Egypt now come from goods and services.
Petroleum exports account for 60 percent of Moscow's hard currency earnings.
"These are the countries with the least political clout and the most need of foreign currency earnings from tourism."
