Tired as he was, Ramsay was glad enough to leave the slow and wearisome convoying of cattle for swift riding and positive action.

The Royal Navy was the major user and developer of the modern convoy system, and regular transoceanic convoying began in June 1917.

The complexity of Operation MB8, with its various forces and convoys, succeeded in deceiving the Italians into thinking only normal convoying was under way.

Unrestricted submarine warfare was resumed in February 1917 and the British began full-scale convoying in September 1917.

America First staunchly opposed the convoying of ships, the Atlantic Charter, and the placing of economic pressure on Japan.

After the German proclamation, the Norwegians accepted British demands and informal convoying began in late January or February 1917, but regular convoys did not begin until 29 April.

Despite the proven success of troop convoys earlier in the war, the Channel convoys between England and France, and the Dutch, French, and Scandinavian convoys in the North Sea, they initially refused to consider widespread convoying or escorting.