The filing is the latest in a series of civil injunctions sought by the Justice Department to shut down what it regards as tax frauds.

The civil injunctions can bar individuals from consorting with gangs, wearing regalia or using the internet to organise meet-ups.

An ASBO is very similar to a civil injunction even though the differences are important.

A power of committal to prison is available for breach of a civil injunction but a court is unlikely to exercise that power.

Individual citizens, cities, towns, counties, and animal welfare organizations can use civil injunctions in order to enforce animal cruelty laws.

There can be little doubt that a prosecution under that Act at the relevant date, or its use to secure a civil injunction, would have aroused considerable public indignation.

But in 2001, the Justice Department decided to use civil injunctions in tandem with criminal investigations.

Breach of any condition of the civil injunction carried a criminal penalty of up to five years in prison.

Los Angeles became the first city to use a civil injunction to combat gang crime in 1987, but six years passed before it secured a second.

On March 5, 2009 the SEC filed a civil injunction against 4 former members of CSK auto.