Its inclination and thereby true mass is being calculated via astrometry with Hubble.

Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process.

It represents the quantity of oxygen that would take up one cubic centimeter at standard temperature and pressure, as calculated via the ideal gas law.

The effective viewing angle can be calculated via a dot product between the two vectors:

Since "R" is rarely observed in the field and is usually calculated via a mathematical model, this severely limits its usefulness.

These were spread over the floor of Pratt's apartment and their maneuvers were calculated via a complex mathematical formula.

The tax due is calculated via a system of market bands.

The index of the bit within the byte indexed by the above can be calculated via a modulo operation:

Its inclination is being calculated via astrometry with Hubble.

The specific Tolerance for a particular IT grade is calculated via the following formula: