Children used the same family mark with piques as a form of cadency.

As a mark of cadency it denotes the fourth son.

This view of cadency is universally found in ancient sources.

When used as a mark of cadency it signifies an eighth son.

Labels are the principal cadency marks used in certain royal families.

It has traditionally been used in British heraldry as a mark of cadency for the third son.

In Canadian heraldry, it is the cadency mark of a ninth daughter.

These variations are effectively exploited in the Scottish system of cadency.

Bordure: the boundary of the shield; often used for cadency.

The College of Arms - Explains credit for cadency system.

"And pray, sir second son, where is the cadency mark which should mark your rank.

This system is known as cadency and marks the relationships of the cadet branches to the principal family tree.

In English heraldry, they are used in many different ways, and can be the cadency mark of the sixth son.

This is equivalent to cadency and adding brisures as methods to change the coat of arms.

A double quatrefoil has eight foils used as the cadency mark of a ninth son.

Marks of cadency are almost unknown, and shields are generally very simple, with only one charge.

A formal system for indicating cadency is unknown outside the House of Savoy.

Canadian cadency generally follows the English system.

In the English and Canadian systems of cadency, a small rose is the difference mark of a seventh son.

In England, arms are generally the property of their owner from birth - subject to the use of the appropriate mark of cadency.

Differences, or marks of cadency, are the distinctions used to indicate the junior branches (cadets) of a family.

The English system of cadency involves the addition of these brisures to the plain coat:

A second method of proclaiming cadency down the male line of the whole blood is to display single marks of difference.

For cadets other than immediate heirs, Scottish cadency uses a complex and versatile system, applying different kinds of changes in each generation.

This is called cadency, and is equally applicable to the arms of non-royal families, but is not as enforced.