It appears to have no effect against predatory birds.

They stayed under tree cover as much as possible to ward against spying birds.

By contrast, species like blue jays defended bait vigorously against other birds instead of sharing.

"Since the bluebird only nests in places close to the ground, it doesn't have a chance against other birds."

The venom is particularly effective against birds and mammals, but less so against frogs.

Of what use were his tactical skills against a random elk, several birds, and trees as far as the eye could see?

What can we do with a piece of wood against such fierce birds?

It has also been known to be aggressively territorial, even against other birds of prey.

They have an additional type of defence against birds, and that is their mechanical toughness.

These birds aggressively defend their territory, even against much larger birds.