Hungar argued that provisions of the 1952 Patent Act already superseded Justice Cardozo's 1934 ruling.
Justice Cardozo dissented, claiming that the guidelines had been sufficient.
There were brief interrogatories about Justice Cardozo, who spent 18 years on the New York State bench and six on the Supreme Court.
Justice Cardozo did not take part in the proceedings.
Justice Cardozo has two factors to determine if there was a proximate cause between the plaintiff's injury and the defendant's breach of duty:
Professor Weisberg cites the opinions of Justice Cardozo for their brilliant writing.
It is best known for a quote from the leading opinion by Justice Cardozo.
Justice Cardozo's concurring opinion clarified that a spectrum approach to direct and indirect effects is preferable to a strict dichotomy.
Directly addressing the contention that the tax is coercive, Justice Cardozo wrote:
Justice Cardozo bore one additional similarity to Judge Souter - he was a bachelor.
