The new Athenian leaders, Pericles and Ephialtes, let relations between Athens and Sparta deteriorate, and in 458 BC war broke out.

After several years of inconclusive campaigning, the moderate Athenian leader Nicias concluded the Peace of Nicias (421 BC).

Alcibiades, the former Athenian leader, emerged after the Spartan victory at Aegospotami and took refuge in Phrygia, northwestern Asia Minor with Pharnabazus, its Persian satrap.

Unlike Cleon, Hyperbolos did not have a noble background, appearing to be one of the first Athenian political leaders lacking aristocratic origins.

Then the plot twists, beginning with a demand by the Athenian leader that one of the refugees be sacrificed to the gods.

Cleocritus was an Athenian leader of religious ceremonies, the kerux or herald, famous for the beauty of his voice.

At this time, the exiled Athenian leader Alcibiades was living in a castle near the Athenian camp.

Despite some reluctance on the part of the Athenian leaders, Athens finally accepted Philip's entry into the Council of the League.

Demades, who was another peace advocate, was the only other Athenian leader who didn't flee.

Solon, an Athenian leader who lived during the 7th to mid 6th centuries BC, did much to reform his polis, and encouraged poor fathers to provide their sons with a vocational education.