Single scattering: when an electron is scattered just once.

Single scattering is therefore often described by probability distributions.

A direct interaction model is used, employing the single scattering, impulse approximation.

Not all single scattering is random, however.

Some sea salt dominated aerosols could have a single scattering albedo as large as 0.97.

A single scattering is already isotropic.

A single scattering doesn't deviate the photons.

For a better handling the in-scattering term can be split into two components, the single scattering and the multiple scattering.

A rainbow would indicate that much of the light was suffering a single scattering and such scattering has a wavelength dependence to the angle.

- Single scattering albedo.

This is in contrast with RIXS, where the events are coupled, and must be treated as a single scattering process.

EXAFS, resulting from the interference in the single scattering process of the photoelectron scattered by surrounding atoms, provides information on the local structure.

Examples of large clusters of atoms are studied to compare single scattering (SS) and multiple scattering (MS).

Now that we have defined the energies in our spectra with improved accuracy, we proceed to process the high-loss spectra in order to extract the single scattering white-line.

The results presented show that the atmospheric correction scheme has superior performance over the standard single scattering approach, which assumes that water-leaving radiance in the NIR is zero.

This is quantified in the Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), the ratio of scattering alone to scattering plus absorption (extinction) of radiation by a particle.

Observationally, the linear polarization fraction p 0.015 from a single scattering; circular polarization from multiple scattering goes as , so we expect a circularly polarized fraction of .

The main difference between the effects of single and multiple scattering is that single scattering can usually be treated as a random phenomenon and multiple scattering is usually more stochastic.

It soon became clear that the kinematic (single scattering) theory, which had been successfully used to explain X-ray diffraction experiments, was inadequate for the quantitative interpretation of experimental data obtained from LEED.

Since single scattering dominates the helium-surface interactions, the collected helium signal easily gives information on the surface structure without the complications of considering multiple electron scattering events (such as in LEED).

Because the location of a single scattering center is not usually well known relative to the path of the radiation, the outcome, which tends to depend strongly on the exact incoming trajectory, appears random to an observer.

Moreover, a TOF neutron diffractometer offers an important additional advantage: the experimental set-up is completely stationary, i.e. free of sample and detector movements, and a diffraction pattern is collected at a single scattering angle (Fig. 1).

The absorption spectrum of pure water is used in numerous applications, including light scattering and absorption by ice crystals and cloud water droplets, theories of the rainbow, determination of the single scattering albedo, ocean color, and many others.

In short, by measuring the number of high energy (e.g. 200 keV) electrons which lose a given amount of energy in traversing a very thin specimen (single scattering approximation), one can calculate the imaginary part of permittivity at that energy.

When radiation is only scattered by one localized scattering center, this is called single scattering, It is very common that scattering centers are grouped together, and in those cases the radiation may scatter many times, which is known as multiple scattering.