Common jobe exercises include shoulder external rotation, shoulder flexion, horizontal abduction, prone abduction and scaption (at 45 , 90 and inverse 45 ).

A vertical shoulder rotation that completes, for a right-handed bowler, with the right shoulder pointing at the target.

Notwithstanding the problems it was clear that I could emulate to some extent the effect of the shoulder rotation (shoulder torque) and movement of the wrist (wrist torque).

There are four main phases of a tennis serve and the highest loads occur during external shoulder rotation and ball impact.

The shoulder is brought back to resting position and the shoulder external rotation is repeated, this time with posteriorly directed force over the humeral head.

There can be enormous differences between rotational flexibility (as shown in shoulder rotation during the tennis serve) and extension-flexion range (as shown by the legs in running).

It is strong on shoulder rotations, springs in the air and fast arm gestures and can be high-flinging or close to the floor.

Learn how to care for your rotator cuff and prevent injury for optimal shoulder rotation.

His unique shoulder rotation and amazing wrist action seem to create the illusion that he straightens his arm.

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles that controls shoulder rotation.