These reactions mentioned above can not proceed in the dark or without each enzyme.

For this reason, a reaction may not proceed at low temperatures.

The reaction proceeds through the 6-membered transition state shown below.

However, this reaction proceeds only to a very small degree.

This work showed how reactions proceed at the atomic level in the solid state.

The quantity is below zero, so the reaction should not proceed.

In other words, a chemical reaction could only proceed if the system lost energy.

The reaction with the lower activation energy will proceed at a greater rate.

The addition of base helps the reaction proceed more quickly.

Those reactions also proceed without light, although at much lower yields.