Likewise technological advancement in radio range finders and gunnery control devices for night combat were not incorporated.

On August 2, 1941, even before Ito returned to Japan, funds were allocated for the initial development of a pulse-modulated Radio Range Finder (RRF - the Japanese code name for a radar).

It was simply that the top military leaders failed to recognize how the application of radio in detection and ranging - what was often called the Radio Range Finder (RRF) - could be of value, particularly in any defensive role; offense not defense, totally dominated their thinking.