Undecidability only implies that the particular deductive system being considered does not prove the truth or falsity of the statement.

"We reject the idea that any alteration beyond correction of grammar or syntax by itself proves falsity in the sense relevant to determining actual malice under the First Amendment," Justice Kennedy said.

We agree, and must determine what, in addition to this technical falsity, proves falsity for purposes of the actual malice inquiry.

The MSI relates more to the person who is defamed and what they can do to prevent libeling (e.g. public officials are held to higher standards, must prove falsity).

Plaintiffs need not prove falsity, malice or damages.

But the impossibility of proving falsity is no more grounds for asserting the truth of one than of the other.

If the succedent is empty, this is interpreted as falsity, i.e. means that Γ proves falsity and is thus inconsistent.

So he told the story of his two interrogations, one under a machine which would prove the truth or falsity of his answers.

Historians usually operate with the burden of proof on the historian to prove falsity or unreliability, since people are generally not compulsive liars.

In a 5-4 decision the Supreme Court decided that libel plaintiffs must shoulder the burden of proving falsity, when the article in question relates to public concern.