As a result, proportionalism aims to choose the lesser of evils.

The outcome of the debate over proportionalism could have an immediate effect on the rules by which many Catholics at least try to live their lives.

Proportionalism Proportionalists believe that there are certain moral rules, which one should not let go of unless by doing so a greater good is the result.

Advocates of proportionalism generally do not propose many exceptions to the traditionally exceptionless norms.

Group proportionalism as the goal of 'fairness'.

Many others speculate that one of the topics on trial will be an approach to moral analysis that has come to be called "proportionalism."

Marmot (universal proportionalism) – early intervention."

This current document continues along the same preconceived ministry agenda despite the fact that 98.5% of submitters to the soundings process strongly disagree with proportionalism.

But if proportionalism is legitimate in matters of sexual morality, how can it be excluded from every other aspect of morality, including that of offences against justice?

Dr. Hoose is perhaps best known for his writings in the sphere of fundamental moral theology - most notably his contributions to the international debate on proportionalism.

While the origins of proportionalism began in Europe as far back as the utilitarians Jeremy Bentham and J.S.

Besides, he said, “If you believe in proportionalism, as the Obama administration appears to, given the way they tout these numbers, the other races are, to some degree, getting stiffed.”

Germain Grisez, a professor of Christian ethics at Mount St. Mary's college in Emmitsburg, Md., is one of proportionalism's strongest critics.

Moral relativism or proportionalism remains disconcertingly alive among Christian moralists, and indeed some Catholic moralists, and the papal teaching is significant as another, indeed final, rejection of these options.

Whether or not the predictions prove right, it is certainly true that proportionalism has become an important issue in Catholic moral theology and one that has stirred great concern in Vatican circles.

In February 1984 Ratzinger participated in two important conferences in Dallas, Texas, on the themes "Bishops, theologians, and morals" and "Dissent and proportionalism in moral theology".

Proportionalism as an ethical theory is a relatively new theory which tries to bridge the gap between the traditional Christian Natural Law ethic and the modern relativist Christian ethic, Situationism.

Situational ethics can also be classed under the ethical theory genre of "proportionalism" which says that "It is never right to go against a principle unless there is a proportionate reason which would justify it."

Although not all proportionalists are critics of the ban on contraception and not all critics of the ban are proportionalists, dissatisfaction with the official position has been associated with the interest in proportionalism.

Six years ago, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, head of the Vatican's office on doctrinal matters, told a workshop of American bishops that proportionalism had a place in Catholic moral analysis, but a strictly limited one.

Change in the assimilation paradigm: "The traditional paradigm based on the assimilation of immigrants into an existing American civic culture is obsolete and must be changed to a framework that promotes "diversity," defined as group proportionalism."

While defending their own use of concepts like "direct" and "indirect," the critics say that proportionalism's notion of weighing radically different and sometimes intangible goods and evils simply disguises what will inevitably be highly subjective judgments.

Majority rule by citizens, regardless of their "membership" of particular groups, is to be replaced as the main principle of legitimacy by the competing principles of multiculturalism, ethnic proportionalism and power sharing among the various groups.

According to Sartori, the two possible degenerations of proportionalism (fragmentation and lack of party discipline) were reduced by two factors: the strong role of parties ("partitocrazia") and the polarization between Christian-democrats and communists.

A section of Pope John Paul II's 1993 encyclical "Veritatis Splendor" ("The Splendor of Truth") rejected an approach to moral reasoning known as "proportionalism," with which Father McCormick was associated.