He said it was the first time a Federal court had backed a private litigant's effort to examine foreign bank records, which are usually secret.

Mr. Walker added that private litigants were seeking the same information, and had promised to supply it to accounting office if they won.

"This Court should not add requirements to burden the private litigant beyond what is specifically set forth by Congress", he concluded.

He also challenged the ability of a private litigant to pursue a lawsuit against a sitting President.

Having no police force and a limited number of officially appointed public prosecutors, most legal cases were brought by private litigants.

Those involve only private litigants (including the case cited by Professor Davis).

The Government is not responsible for a peremptory challenge by a private litigant.

Then private litigants stand a far better chance of collecting.

And in recent years, tolling records have increasingly been sought by private litigants.

Small-claims courts have limited jurisdiction to hear civil cases between private litigants.