Mr. Murdoch has an extremely big megaphone, which he is using to wage a campaign of personal vilification against his enemies.

Fail, then, and suffer ridicule and personal vilification.

The radicals on the college newspapers then fought the college administration and occasionally other political groups, but they never resorted to racial bigotry or personal vilification to carry out their editorial policies.

Certainly Presidents did not have to cope with high levels of personal vilification.

But there is a difference between the heat of policy criticism and personal vilification.

"Senator Bradley is now stepping down, unfortunately, to the level of personal vilification, challenging the integrity of those who disagree with him," Mr. Gore said.

But apart from the entirely unproved allegations of illegality, Republicans will gravely miscalculate if they think their path to power lies in the personal vilification of the President and his wife.

On the low road all we had was personal vilification.

Never in this century has there been such a campaign of personal vilification at the Presidential level.

Chinese caterers and restaurants suffered huge declines in business, as well as personal vilification by their German neighbours.