Numerous experimental techniques have been developed to study particle aggregation.

A recurring problem with these dispersions is particle aggregation which limits possible applications.

Catalyst particles are separated into shells in order to prevent particle aggregation.

The porosity of this layer will depend whether the particle aggregation process is fast or slow.

Particle aggregation is normally an irreversible process.

Automated instruments based on light scattering to monitor suspension settling have been developed, and they can be used to probe particle aggregation.

All the above mentioned mechanisms for minimizing particle aggregation rely on the enhancement of the repulsive interaction forces.

When particle aggregation is solely driven by diffusion, one refers to perikinetic aggregation.

Examples include particle aggregation, suspension rheology, particle deposition, and adhesion processes.

Particle aggregation is a widespread phenomenon, which spontaneously occurs in nature but is also widely explored in manufacturing.

Particle aggregation can be induced by adding salts or an other chemical referred to as coagulant or flocculant.

When river water carrying suspended sediment particles reaches salty water, particle aggregation may be one of the factors responsible for river delta formation.

These polymers are used as dispersants to avoid particle aggregation, and to improve the flow characteristics (rheology) of suspensions such as in concrete applications.

The salt increases the concentration of ions available to screen the charge of the ionic head groups, and will thus make it easier for particle aggregation to occur.

Particle aggregation refers to formation of clusters in a colloidal suspension and represents the most frequent mechanism leading to destabilization of colloidal systems.

They may also be responsible for the stabilization of colloidal suspension and will prevent particle aggregation of highly charged colloidal particles in aqueous suspensions.

As many properties of colloidal suspensions depend on the state of aggregation of the suspended particles, various indirect techniques have been used to monitor particle aggregation too.

Something that is composed of particles may be referred to as particulate, although this term is generally used to refer to a suspension of unconnected particles, rather than a connected particle aggregation.

During the drying process particle aggregation may occur and it is most important that sieve residues should be checked, using a hand lens where necessary, to detect the presence of aggregates which form clusters considerably larger than the original single component grains.

Particle Aggregation and Deposition Processes: Measurement, Modelling and Simulation R.A. Williams, J. Gregory, M. Elimelech and X Jia, Butterworth-Heinemann (Oxford) 1995, pp.