Clarify whether real or nominal income distributions should be used.

It is calculated by subtracting inflation from the nominal income.

Market monetarists maintain a nominal income target is the optimal monetary policy.

The demand for money, as reflected in its velocity, is a stable function of nominal income, interest rates, and so forth.

In particular, establishing a close and sustained relationship between money and nominal income or prices has been especially elusive.

It follows that their demand for bank deposits is also growing at twice the rate of growth of nominal income.

Additional effects are found from the growth in nominal income which is associated with an increase in own-country relative returns.

The list accrued only nominal income/expediture during 2008.

Retirees get a fixed, inflation-adjusted payment, while all the risk from fluctuations in nominal income is borne by workers.

The first is that it is not indexed to inflation, so it affects more people as nominal incomes rise each year.

This proportion of cash is commonly represented as , a portion of nominal income ().

On the basis of the assumptions made in these models, it transpires that nominal incomes within the agricultural sector will rise slightly between now and 2005.

The first is that the tax is not indexed for inflation, which means that more people fall into its maw as nominal incomes rise.

New York City's borough of Manhattan is the highest nominal income county in the United States.

Consequently PY is nominal income or in other words the number of transactions carried out in an economy during a period of time.

Further, echoing Milton Friedman, they claim that low interest rates are more often a sign of inadequate nominal income than of loose money.

Supporters of a nominal income target criticize the propensity of inflation targeting to neglect output shocks by focusing solely on the price level.

Nominal incomes and monthly wages climbed 29% and 25% respectively against this figure, but price increases in non-oil industry encouraged inflation in the country.

Supporters of nominal income targeting often self identify as market monetarists although market monetarism could be construed as a broader term.

Although per-capita nominal income declined very gradually from 1873 to 1879, that decline was more than offset by a gradual increase over the course of the next 17 years.

In turn, Frankel suggested that nominal income targeting or product-price targeting would succeed inflation targeting as the dominant monetary policy regime.

Furthermore, the tax bands are not typically inflation-adjusted, so a higher share of nominal income must be paid in tax each year even as real incomes remain flat.

By 2011, market monetarism's recommendation of nominal income targeting was becoming accepted in mainstream institutions, such as Goldman Sachs and Northern Trust.

In contrast, a nominal income target accommodates fluctuations in velocity by ensuring monetary policy is loose or tight enough in order to hit the target.

By November 2011, however, economists from Goldman Sachs were advocating that the Federal Reserve adopt a nominal income target.