One of his more famous patients was a geologist who came in with a rare form of intestinal malrotation.

A surgical operation called a Ladd procedure is performed to alleviate intestinal malrotation.

Midgut volvulus occurs in patients (usually in infants) that are predisposed because of congenital intestinal malrotation.

Exclusion of metabolic, gastrointestinal, or central nervous system structural or biochemical disease, e.g., individuals with specific physical causes (such as intestinal malrotation)

Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly of rotation of the midgut (embryologically, the gut undergoes a complex rotation outside the abdomen).

Individuals with left atrial isomerism, by comparison, have two morphologic left atria, polysplenia, intestinal malrotation and two morphologic left lungs.

The first was characterized by NID B, intestinal malrotation, and congenital short bowel, the second by NID B, short stature, mental retardation, and facial dysmorphism.

Associated conditions include heterotaxy syndrome, intestinal malrotation, situs inversus, biliary atresia, and the range of congenital cardiac malformations most commonly dextrocardia, atrial situs ambiguus, ventricular inversion, and VA concordance with left posterior aorta.

While barium studies may exclude other causes of vomiting such as gastro-oesophageal reflux and intestinal malrotation, barium adds volume to the obstructed stomach of an infant with pyloric stenosis, increasing the risk of further vomiting and aspiration.

Risk factors include anatomic characteristics such as: aesthenic (very thin or "lanky") body build, an unusually high insertion of the duodenum at the ligament of Treitz, a particularly low origin of the SMA, or intestinal malrotation around an axis formed by the SMA.