Other parasitic larvae are known to prey upon cicadas and leaf hoppers.

Acoustic signals are produced by many groups including several orthopeteran species, neuropterids, cicadas, flies, cave planthroppers, leaf hoppers, and tree hoppers.

There's several different insects, such as European lead mite, leaf minor and leaf hoppers that will chew on the leaves.

(Sadly, I noticed that leaf hoppers infuriatingly invade herbs here, just as they do at home.)

Insects consumed include beetles, leaf hoppers, true bugs, and ants.

A few are parasitic on cicadas or leaf hoppers.

These materials are toxic to several insect pests including flies, leaf hoppers and aphids.

More common is the black-and-yellow jumping spider, or the sheet web spider, which veils the lettuce with its delicate webbing and snares leaf hoppers.

The larvae feed on leaf hoppers of the Fulgoroidea superfamily.

The leaves are also favoured by leaf hoppers and other insects that feed by piercing and sucking.