One reason for this is that older workers tend to lack certification for skill even if they have been acquired.

At present, 17 percent of the city's 80,000 teachers lack certification.

As recently as 2000, 20 percent of the state's reading teachers lacked proper training and certification.

They lack certification from any government agency and are, strictly speaking, against the law.

He would raise the total by 250,000, although he acknowledges that his estimate, for now, lacks scholarly certification.

These were often carried out against food safety schemes that lacked international certification and accreditation, resulting in incomparable auditing results.

Forty-four percent of police officers in 2012 lacked such certification.

Hospitality programs lack certification, an issue that the council and other industry groups are currently addressing.

But the report said that the university's hospital in Newark might lack proper certification for its air ambulance program.

About 11,000 of the city's 78,000 teachers, or 14 percent, lacked certification last year, and most of them worked in poorly performing schools.