In 1648 the prince-archbishopric was transformed into the Duchy of Bremen, which was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712-1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown.

The Principality of Verden was first ruled in personal union by the Swedish Crown - interrupted by a Danish occupation (1712-1715) - and from 1715 on by the Hanoverian Crown.