There were also indirect and intangible costs of the eruption.

Many intangible costs were not included in the estimate, such as the lack of privacy, security, status and dignity.

The construction of large dams entails many tangible and intangible costs.

Intangible costs (such as to the environment and society) and total benefits (through tourism) are not included here.

The intangible costs of the Reagan years to our domestic tranquillity are surely greater than what can be measured in dollars.

The intangible costs were impossible to estimate.

Intangible costs are just as great.

Intangible costs must also be factored in.

The justice institute calculates the intangible costs (like the effect on family and quality of life) of such violent crimes as an estimated 24,000 homicides.

An economic appraisal is generally a broader based assessment, considering benefits and indirect or intangible costs as well as direct costs.

This report addresses the balance between revenue and expenditure; intangible costs such as environmental and noise-related costs are also taken into account.

An organization must also recognize the intangible costs of the loss of executive time and focus on other strategic objectives such as growth, profitability, talent retention, and customer loyalty.

In fact, experts say, layoffs typically bring intangible costs: They stem from depleting the stock of experienced people and from violating the implicit compact that binds employees to their companies.

After it postponed the deal for Korea First, the Government was forced to put in another $2.5 billion of capital - in addition to the intangible costs of dampening investor sentiment.

Researchers calling themselves ecological economists are challenging traditional economics on its own turf, accusing economists of mismeasuring development, underestimating the intangible costs of pollution and ignoring society's responsibilities to future generations.

While the report has been praised by a number of academic specialists and law-enforcement authorities, others have raised questions about the methodology used in calculating the intangible costs like the value of a murder victim's life.

"None of that takes into account the intangible costs, such as the enormous cost of the time of company executives," said Harvey Miller, a partner at Weil, Gotshal who is heading the bankruptcy team.

Justice Marshall said the statute, similar to laws in Virginia, Kentucky and Alabama, was a reasonable effort to discourage frivolous appeals and compensate parties that must defend against appeals for the "intangible costs of litigation."

In their book, "Gun Violence: The Real Costs," to be published next month by Oxford University Press, Professors Cook and Ludwig applied a method widely accepted by economists as a way of determining hard-to-measure intangible costs.

The oil industry's low effective income tax rates were due to the availability of two oil industry tax deductions: the percentage depletion allowance, and the provision which permits companies to expense (deduct fully in the initial year) the intangible costs of drilling.

To measure the intangible costs of crime, including pain, suffering and lost quality of life, the authors adopted figures from jury awards to crime victims and other statistical studies of the value of life, in addition to including the cost of mental care.