However, during this period a vast and highly important technological innovation happened using the cementation process, the production of steel.

All of this means that innovation will happen faster and cheaper, with much more global collaboration.

What big innovation has happened in that product line in the past 10 years?

"Being in an area where science and innovation are happening is important to us," he said.

"Operating systems are no longer where innovation is happening," he said.

The innovation he had come to see had just happened.

Where significant innovations have happened, it is astonishing how often through history other individuals or groups have been working along parallel lines of thought.

Silicon Valley is living proof of that - and where innovation happens matters.

Before being open, innovation happened in closed environments often performed by individuals, scientists or employees.

Invention-push innovation happens when there is an advancement in intelligence.