The estimated fractional extraction for most of the tissues studied ranged from 70 to 100%.

Other methods used in the past were fractional extraction and fractional precipitation.

Many authors have reported that, during exercise, noradrenaline spillover increases and fractional extraction decreases.

Key words: skeletal muscle, spillover, fractional extraction, stimulation, adrenaline.

Muscle contraction also causes changes in many factors that may affect noradrenaline spillover and fractional extraction.

In light of our results, it seems that blood flow may not be the main factor decreasing fractional extraction of noradrenaline during exercise.

For both models we investigate how the performance of the system, as measured by the fractional extraction, depends upon the flowrate and total run-time.

Fractional extraction of both noradrenaline and adrenaline was unaffected by increasing blood flow three and four times its resting value.

These data indicate that the vasopressin-induced rise in fetal vascular results from an increase in umbilical oxygen delivery and concomitant fall in fractional extraction.

In light of our results, it seems that bradykinin formation during muscle contraction may play an important part in the observed increase in noradrenaline spillover but does not affect fractional extraction.

In this experiment, we studied the effect of muscle contraction and blood flow on noradrenaline and adrenaline spillover and fractional extraction in the in situ canine gracilis muscle.

For the investigations of Scilla glycosides and the first studies in the ergot field, I still used the old separation and purification techniques from Liebig's day: fractional extraction, fractional precipitation, fractional crystallization, and the like.